The notion of other minds does not have any problem in our common experience of life. It is a basic feature of life that we know that the other walking and talking figures having human shape and form that have minds. There is a tradition in philosophy of holding the view that we believe in the knowledge of our own sensory states. From this knowledge we build up a system of explanation about the minds of other people. The attempt to (...) describe the nature of other minds or inner state of affairs creates further problems. Consciousness seems an ever shifting mass of fleeting experiences and it seems impossible that words should ever capture it. What we feel and think seems inherently private, knowable only to the individual himself. But this suggestion has the implausible implication that the communication among individuals by using words of private sensation is impossible. The present work attempts to revisit the issue and analyse the philosophical importance from the Wittgensteinian position. (shrink)

The Buddhism has been developed as a philosophical system along with the Brhamanic tradition to maintain a complete and distinct identity of its own thought after Buddha. This paper attempts to understand the basic philosophical foundation of Buddhism. It believes that the Four Noble Truths (ārya-satya) are the original teachings of the Buddha which contained philosophical insights and thoughts like its doctrine of pratītya-samutpāda. It also presumes that the very existence itself produces the whole human predicaments in the form of (...) anxiety, desire, anger, sorrow and pain which are the effects that relate to certain causes. In Buddhism, two revolutionary views, i.e., universal impermanence (anityatā-vāda) and refutation of permanent soul-substance (anātma-vāda) are formulated. These views are the anticipated philosophical ideas of Buddhism which have a parallel to the sceptic philosophy of Hume in western philosophy. (shrink)

The present work attempts to explicate the philosophical method of Wittgenstein, which he formulated in the Tractatus in order to determine the meanings of our linguistic expressions by analyzing the basic structure of the language. Wittgenstein attempts to show that traditional philosophical problems can be avoided entirely by application of an appropriate methodology. The analysis of language is one important tool of solving problems. The role of language as a central concerned of Analytic philosophers is the dimension most involved in (...) disputes about the methodology employed. My understanding about Wittgenstein’sconcept of language in his two philosophies is founded on the methods that he adopts. There are two different methods in Wittgenstein’s philosophy. On these methods, Wittgenstein developed his theories of meaning, i.e., picture and use theories and consequently resulted two philosophies. I intend here to study about the theory of meaning that Wittgenstein developed in his Tractatus. (shrink)